Zhambyl Zhabayev não é apenas um grande poeta cazaque, ele se tornou quase uma figura mítica, unindo épocas muito diferentes.Até mesmo seu tempo de vida é único: nascido em 1846, ele morreu em 22 de junho de 1945 - semanas após a derrota do nazismo na Alemanha. Ele tinha apenas mais oito meses de vida para comemorar seu centenário, seu centenário.
Agora estamos comemorando seu 175º aniversário.
Zhambyl, que nasceu apenas quatro anos após a morte de Mikhail Lermontov e nove anos após a morte de Alexander Pushkin - os dois grandes poetas russos. Para sentir a distância, basta dizer que suas imagens nos foram trazidas apenas pelos pintores - a fotografia não existia na época de suas primeiras mortes em duelos sangrentos. Zhambyl respirou o mesmo ar com eles.
Mas Zhambyl é também a memória indispensável da infância dos nossos pais, a perene «figura de avô», que parecia tão próxima, tão «um de nós» não só graças às inúmeras fotos nos jornais. Mas acima de tudo - graças aos seus belos, mas também facilmente compreensíveis versos sobre o Cazaquistão, sua natureza, seu povo. Mas não apenas sobre a pátria - cantando do coração do Cazaquistão, Zhambyl encontrou uma maneira de responder à tragédia da Segunda Guerra Mundial, o bloqueio de Leningrado e muitas, muitas outras "mudanças históricas" tectônicas que aconteceram em sua vida.
A sala de estar
do museu de Zhambyl Zhabayev, que fica a 70 km de Almaty, onde o poeta viveu em
1938-1945. Crédito da foto: Yvision.kz.
Zhambyl Zhabayev’s 175th Anniversary: a Poet of Steppes Who Outlived His (Almost) 100 years of Physical Life
Zhambyl Zhabayev is not just a great Kazakh poet, he became almost a mythical figure, uniting very different epochs. Even his life span is unique: born in 1846 he died on June 22, 1945 – weeks after the defeat of Nazism in Germany. He had only eight months more to live to celebrate his 100th birthday, his centenary.
Now we are celebrating his 175th birthday.
Zhambyl, who was born just four years after the death of Mikhail Lermontov and nine years after the death of Alexander Pushkin – the two great Russian poets. To feel the distance, it is enough to say that their images were brought to us only by painters – photography did not exist at the time of their early deaths in bloody duels. Zhambyl breathed the same air with them.
But Zhambyl is also the indispensable memory of our fathers’ childhood, the
evergreen «grandfatherly figure», who seemed
so close, so «one of us» not only thanks to numerous photos in newspapers. But most of all – thanks
to his beautiful, but also easily understandable verses about Kazakhstan, its
nature, its people. But not only about the motherland – singing from
Kazakhstan’s heartland, Zhambyl found a way to respond to the tragedy of World
War II, Leningrad’s blockade, and many, many other tectonic “shifts of history”
that took place in his lifetime.
The living room of the Zhambyl Zhabayev’s museum, which is located 70 km
from Almaty where the poet lived in 1938-1945. Photo credit: Yvision.kz.
Could someone link these two
worlds – Kazakhstan before its «Tsarist
period», the times of Pushkin and Lermontov, – and our generation, which saw the
end of the Soviet Union and the success of independent Kazakhstan.
There is only one such figure – Zhambyl
It is amazing that his world fame came to him around 1936, at the moment when he was 90. «You are never too old to learn» – this is a reassuring statement. But «you are never too old for fame» is an even more reassuring one. Zhambyl got famous in 1936, when a Kazakh poet Abdilda Tazhibayev proposed Zhambyl for the position of the «wise old man» of the Soviet Union (aksakal), a niche traditionally filled by the ageing poets from the Caucasus lands. Zhambyl immediately won the contest: he was not only older (his competitor from Dagestan, Suleiman Stalski, was 23 years younger), Zhambyl was certainly more colorful. Raised near the old town of Taraz (later renamed after Zhambyl), Zhambyl had been playing dombura since the age of 14 and winning local poetic contests (aitys) since 1881. Zhambyl wore traditional Kazakh clothes and preferred to stick to the traditional protein-rich diet of the steppes, which allowed him live so long. But there was certainly something more to him – Zhambyl indeed was a poet.
Critics (and some detractors)
accuse Zhambyl of writing «political
poetry», of being blinded by the might (which was not always right) of the Soviet
Union.
There is some factual truth to that statement, but there is no aesthetic truth to it. Leopold Senghor, the legendary first president of independent Senegal, also wrote political verses, some of them about the “strength” and “might” of political “strongmen” of the 20th century. But Senghor wrote these verses sincerely – and he stayed in the history of literature. And Senghor stayed in history in a much more honorary position than the political strongmen, whom he admired.
For Zhambyl, the people of Leningrad, (now St. Petersburg) who sustained
awful famine during the siege of their city by the Nazis in 1941-1944, – they
were indeed his children. In his verses, Zhambyl felt pain for every one of
more than 1 million people starved to death in that majestic imperial city on
the shores of the Baltic Sea, whose
palaces and bridges were so far away from him. For poetry, distances do not
matter. It is the emotion that counts. And Zhambyl had a strong emotion.
The famous Russian poet Boris Pasternak (1891-1960), whom Zhambyl could call a younger colleague, had huge respect for the kind of folk poetry that Zhambyl represented, wrote about this verses that “a poet can see events before they happen” and poetry reflects a «human condition» at its symbolic core.
This is certainly true of Zhambyl.
His long life and work are a tale of human condition.
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